Control of the properties of refractory linings when using alternative fuels in the cement industry

Refractories play an important role in the cement industry, as high temperatures are required to produce cement. The scarcity and high prices of fossil fuel prices and the industry’s efforts to meet CO₂ reduction targets are leading to an increase in the utilization of alternative fuels (AF), which are often characterized by high concentrations of alkaline components. Alkalis react with traditional alumina refractories, which leads to premature deterioration of refractory bricks and damage to equipment. Hence a comprehensive analysis of the properties of refractories, selection of an appropriate raw material mix and optimization of technological process to ensure smooth operation of the equipment and stable product quality are required. This article discusses the case of premature failure of refractory bricks with high alumina content, as well as pros and cons of their use in the cement industry.