This article describes the design, operation and advantages of the ETA refrigerator, developed and manufactured by Claudius Peters Projects GmbH (Germany), that was first successfully commissioned in 2004. It became the first clinker cooler, working on the “walk...
When dealing with raw materials of cement production at low ambient temperatures, and in the cases when the materials are wet and sticky, problems may emerge, leading to a decrease both in the utilization coefficient of the equipment and its performance. This article di...
Lately the views of the conveyor transport have changed, primarily because the conveyors themselves improved, acquired properties, unachievable before. And today, in some cases it turns out that it is cheaper to deliver solid bulk materials by conveyors, not freight tru...
Equipment malfunction may lead to a lengthy downtime, and this is particularly evident in the handling of materials. A failure here may entail a complete stop of production and deliveries of products. High-quality equipment helps to avoid so serious consequences, but it...
Both planned and emergency work to replace the bearings lead to lengthy downtime of equipment in connection with the accompanying labor-intensive operations. Using split bearings makes it possible to reduce the time of maintenance several times over. The article describ...
The influence of anthropogenic (acidic fly ash) and thermally activated artificial pozzolanic additives (metakaolins) on the properties of cement mortars was studied. Optimum concentrations of mineral additives to the mortars was established. The effect ...
Industrial byproducts and waste materials are commonly used as either alternate fuels or substitute raw materials in the cement manufacturing process. In general, the four primary mineral compounds (3CaO•SiO2 (C3S) or alite, 2CaO•SiO2 (C2S) or belite...
The article describes a study of ball mill operation depending on different types of lining conducted using EDEM Simulation computer software package. The optimal geometric parameters of the lining and the mill operation mode were identified, together with a visual eval...
The effect of curing conditions and the amount of gypsum as part of composite cements with carbonatecontaining additives on their strength was examined. It is shown that the best results are achieved with the hardening of cements under normal conditions. With high-tempe...
One of the most popular preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of chemical expansive reactions, namely the internal sulphate reaction (ISR), in hardened concrete is the use of mineral additions. This pathology is due to the formation of expansive ettring...
| Author: A. Santos Silva, D. Soares, L. Matos, M. Salta, A. Gonçalves, A. Bettencourt Ribeiro, A. Pavoine, L. Divet |
| Section: Concrete |
| Keywords: internal sulphate reaction, delayed ettringite formation, limestone filler, mineral additions, microstructure |
